VAT

VAT Flat Rate Scheme

The flat rate scheme for small businesses was introduced in 2002. The purpose of the scheme is to reduce the administrative burden imposed when operating VAT.

Under the scheme a set percentage is applied to the turnover of the business as a one-off calculation instead of having to identify and record the VAT on each sale and purchase you make.

Who Can Join?

The scheme is optional and open to businesses whose VAT exclusive:

• annual taxable turnover does not exceed £150,000 and
• total turnover (including the value of exempt (eg rents) and non-taxable income) does not exceed £187,500.

Turnover for these purposes does not include proceeds from the sale of capital assets.

The turnover test applies to your anticipated turnover in the following 12 months. Your turnover may be calculated in any reasonable way but would usually be based on the previous 12 months if you have been registered for VAT for at least a year.

To join the scheme you can apply by post, email or phone and if you are not already registered for VAT you must submit a form VAT1 at the same time.

You may not operate the scheme until you have received notification that your application has been accepted and Customs and Excise will inform you of the date of commencement.

When is the Scheme Not Available?

In addition the scheme cannot be used if, within the previous 12 months, you have:

• ceased to operate the flat rate scheme
• been convicted of an offence connected with VAT
• been assessed with a penalty for conduct involving dishonesty.

The scheme will clearly be inappropriate if you regularly receive VAT repayments.

How the Scheme Operates

VAT due is calculated by applying a predetermined flat rate percentage to the business turnover of the VAT period. This will include any exempt supplies and it will therefore not generally be beneficial to join the scheme where there are significant exempt supplies.

The percentage rates are determined according to the trade sector of your business.

If your business falls into more than one sector it is the main business activity as measured by turnover which counts. This can be advantageous if you have a large percentage rate secondary activity and a modest major percentage trade. You should review the position on each anniversary and if the main business activity changes or you expect it to change during the following year you should use the appropriate rate for that sector.

Although you pay VAT at the flat rate percentage under the scheme you will still be required to prepare invoices to VAT registered customers showing the normal rate of VAT. This is so that they can reclaim input VAT at the appropriate rate.

Recent Changes

Lower percentage rates were introduced for all business sectors with effect from 1 January 2004. The new rates range from 2% to 13.5% (compared to 5% to 14.5% previously). The table in the appendix to this factsheet summarises the percentages.

In addition there is a further 1% reduction off the normal rates for businesses in their first year of VAT registration.

Example of the Calculation

Treatment of Capital Assets

The purchase of capital assets costing more than £2,000 (including VAT) may be dealt with outside the scheme. You can claim input VAT on such items on your VAT return in the normal way but if you do you must account for VAT on a subsequent sale of the asset at the normal rate instead of the flat rate.

Items under the capital goods scheme are excluded from the flat rate scheme.

Transactions Within the European Community

Income from these sales is included in your turnover figure.

Where there are acquisitions from EC member states you will still be required to record the VAT on your VAT return in the normal way even though you will not be able to reclaim the input VAT unless it is a capital item as outlined above.

Records to Keep

Under the scheme you must keep a record of your flat rate calculation showing:

• your flat rate turnover
• the flat rate percentage you have used
• the tax calculated as due.

You must still keep a VAT account although if the only VAT to be accounted for is that calculated under the scheme there will only be one entry for each period.

Summary

The scheme is designed to reduce administration although it will only be attractive if it does not result in additional VAT liabilities. The only way to establish whether your business will benefit is to carry out a calculation and comparison of the normal rules and the flat rate rules.

How We Can Help

We can advise as to whether the flat rate scheme would be beneficial for your business and help you to operate the scheme.

APPENDIX: Table of Sectors and Rates

* Building or construction services, use 'Labour-only' if the value of materials supplied is less than 10% of your turnover. If the value of the materials is more than this, builders use the 'General building' flat rate.

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